Pre-understandings are described as presumptions for the concept of understanding to even exist and affects the way humans interpret reality as well as the direction of scientific research (Gadamer, referred in Gilje et al., 2007, s. 179). An important component of pre-understandings are our personal experiences, which are always present in our consciousness and affects our interpretation of the world (Gilje et al., 2007, s. 183). As interpretive research particularly reflects the author’s interpretation (Bryman & Bell, 2005, p. 443), this type of research requires pre-understandings to be described (Geanellos, 1998, p. 238). Consequently, we should not strive towards being completely objective in our research, but instead make use of the understandings we hold to our advantage (Geanellos, 1998, p. 238). In the context of this research, both of us had our own previous experiences of AI, as well as our own interpretations of what it is and how it can be utilized. Furtherm...
In modernist narratives, "[w]omen can't even be like, put into regular time periods or like, separated into their own 'women's time'" (3). Only by fully understanding the "thicc connections and differences between how guys and girls experience history and time," can we truly understand how gender and time are linked, you know? (26). Like, Felski's work completely resonates with the concept I've been working on, you know? Grand cultural chronotopes are so limited that they can't even handle the complexities and quirks of individual temporal events. OMG, seeing how time and gender have influenced women's lives, and vice versa, gives us a much broader and more detailed perspective. Lit! Julia Kristeva says, "Yo, it's all about women expressing themselves through art and literature, you know."
And literature can definitely be a place where women can say, "I'm here, I exist!"
However, it can also reveal the deep connections between gender and time in unexpected ways.In terms of "life time," Felski points out that traditionally, dudes (or, more specifically, white middle-class dudes) were told to think of their lives in a straight line as a project. But women didn't really get to imagine a self-directed future; instead, they had a series of random fragments in life, rather than a carefully planned upward climb, you know? (21). But she's like, don't even think that girls never think about their lives in a growth-oriented way, and don't compare girls being flexible to guys being straight and stuff (21). OMG, like modern self-help books are completely geared toward women, you know? They all focus on how women's lives revolve around self-discovery and growth. It's as if they want us to see our lives as a grand adventure of self-improvement and such. So deep, right? (21) Finally, Felski is completely opposed to the notion that women are essentially enemies of big-time stories about time and stuff. On the other hand, they've been very interested in national progress, racial equality, women's increasing freedom, and a variety of other major historical events, you know? (21).
The feminist movement is totally in sync with the historical thinking enabled by modernity, you know?
'Because it's all about aspiring to a better future, feminism is like a cool project that requires a purposeful and hopeful relationship with the future, you feel me? (21-22). Felski's words: "It's hella difficult to make a case for a unique 'women's time' without oversimplifying the connections between gender and time, you know?" (22). Like, do you know how many of those supposedly girly things are just made up by society? And women have completely embraced and challenged a slew of old traditions and practices. OMG, all of the works in this chapter are so amazing! They completely teach us to clock time as a means of exercising power and asserting one's agency. These works, by questioning the unequal distribution of time wealth, assist us in expressing the possibilities and limits of time resistance. "women be primarily responsible for the repetitive tasks of social reproduction: cleaning, preparing meals, and caring for children." While a lot of paid work is extremely repetitive, the domestic sphere is thought to exist outside of the overall vibe of history and change" (82). Felski says that doing the same boring tasks over and over again leads people to believe that women aren't part of the moving forward process. But it could also mean that we're really obsessed with keeping track of time and stuff. Like, even though there's, like, this major difference between the big stories of dudes throughout history and the repetitive everyday stuff that women deal with, it's not as simple as assuming that this difference means they're fundamentally different, ya know?30
Gender and Sexualiy
In her book Doing Time: Feminist Theory and Postmodern Culture, Rita Felski wonders if it's legitimate to think of women as living in a completely different time zone than men, you know? Can we really have a conversation about men's and women's time? (1). In this project, Felski is completely building on the work of Julia Kristeva, who states that "the feminist movement both inherits and modifies" normative understandings of time (861).29 To answer the question, Felski discusses three different time levels: everyday time (the day-to-day experience of time), life time (understanding your life as a project that connects all of the random things that happen), and large-scale time (17-18). First, according to Felski, women have always been associated with cyclical or repetitive aspects of time, whereas men are all about linear progressive time, you know? This idea, Felski says, is like totally influenced by the cultural vibe where biorhythmic cycles affect how guys and girls act, but like, menstruation and pregnancy are the main examples of how we're like, controlled by nature and how girls resist society's expectations, you know? (82). Perhaps even more lit. Time is emerging from the everyday temporal experiences that have traditionally been associated, through social constructions of gender, with the two sexes:
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